The world today is a disputed locus consisting of international, national, communal, economic, health and personal conflicts. If you take a few minutes off your daily schedule and think about it, you will notice a definite pattern, which if studied will help you deduce the root cause, just as a psychologist does for his client. Out of the million problems that we have, one of the primary problem is that today Subjectivity is at stake. To emphasise more on this term, it should be elaborated as something that refers to how things depend on your own ideas and opinions and how that differs in each individual making them so unique, although the amount of genetic difference in two humans is only 0.1%. Any kind of violence that takes place in your mind happens when a person is either unwilling to or unable to accept the concept of subjectivity and relativity.
PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE
Coming to Mental Health, Psychology as a discipline was formulated through a combination of a number of approaches proposed by different ‘School of Thoughts’ for e.g Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviourism, Cognitive approach, Psychodynamic approach, Humanistic approach.
Structuralism: Structuralism speaks of how human culture must be understood by the way of their relationship to a broader over-arching system of thinking, perceiving and feeling.
Functionalism: Sees the society through a macro level orientation and focuses on how people promote solidarity and stability individually.
Behaviourism: It refers to a psychological approach which emphasises on observable stimulus-response behaviour and states that all these are learned through interaction with the environment.
Cognitive Approach: Cognitive approach focuses on our internal processes which are extremely significant yet invisible.
Psychodynamic Approach: Psychodyanamic approach emphasise on underlying human feelings, emotions, behaviours and as well as thoughts and how they might relate to early experiences people promote solidarity and stability individually.
Humanistic Approach: Brings out the concept of the whole individual, his values, nature and free will.
DEFINITION OF PSYCHOLOGY
After years of experiments, researches, surveys the definition of psychology has evolved greatly and now is considered as ‘The scientific study of human behaviour and mental processes.’ This one-liner has been able to condense the theories various vast theories proposed by all the School of the Thoughts. It throws light upon both body and the mind, visible as well as the invisible factors. This is why we say we consider Psychology to have a long past but a brief history.
ABNORMALITY
Now, speaking of abnormality, a highly misunderstood term simple refers to a condition where in the individual shows or contains patterns atypical, rare, dysfunctional or simply deviating from the central point of the normal probability curve.
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Abnormal psychology known as Psychopathology, is the branch of Psychology that studies these abnormalities or unusual patterns of behaviour, emotion and thoughts which or may not be precipitating a mental disorder.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
Psychotherapy is a type of therapy used to emotional problems and mental health conditions. It may involve talking, art, music, activities, drama, movement, relaxation techniques, ventilation session either one to one or group , to look deeper into your problems,worries, and deal with troublesome habits and a wide range of mental disorders.
Psychotherapy are one of the two main subjects studied by a Clinical psychologist. A clinical psychologist can be a psychotherapist, who is a mental health professional trained to identify symptoms and signs, diagnose and treat such conditions. Psychotherapies are most effective in case of Mood disorders, Anxiety disorders, Borderline personality disorder, Post traumatic stress disorder, Eating disorder and Substance Abuse.
PSYCHIATRIST Vs. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST
A Question that is often raised ‘What is difference between a Psychologist and Psychiatrist?’ A Clinical Psychologist, who has completed a Bachelors, Masters, M. Phil or Ph.D in Clinical Psychology and a Government licensed practitioner either in private or public settings focus on psychotherapy abiding by the DSM or ICD to treat mental disorders where as a Psychiatrist who has completed M.B.B.S and M.D in Psychiatry and are licensed practitioners who prescribe medications according to DSM or ICD to treat Mental Disorders.
PSYCHOTHERAPY AND IT’S TYPES
Psychotherapy is an umbrella term used for various therapies that are used to treat mental disorders. These sub-types of psychotherapies are given by the different School of Thoughts of Psychology.
- PSYCHO-ANALYSIS is based on the psychodynamic perspective where in the therapist use various assessments and therapeutical techniques to bring out the hidden meanings or patterns that contribute to the problem .
- COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY(C.B.T) examines how beliefs and thoughts are linked to behaviour and feelings, teaches skills that retrain your behaviour and style of thinking.
- COGNITIVE ANALYTICAL THERAPY(C.A.T) uses both psycho-analysis and C.B.T to work out how behavioural problem causes and self help techniques.
- INTERPERSONAL-PSYCHOTHERAPY (I.P.T) looks at the way an illness can be triggered by events involving relationships with others.
- CLIENT-CENTERED THERAPY based on the humanistic perspective to facilitate personal growth and development and eliminate distress.
- SYSTEMATIC THERAPY (Family or Couple Therapy) Based on counselling the primary caretakers of the client or the immediate co-mate of the client, teaching specific ways to handle the problem.
The therapist decides the therapy to be taken up based on the case history, family history, client’s nature, his preferences and effectiveness of the therapy. The best therapy will always remain a debated issue, hence most of them take a relatively new approach that incorporates a variety of therapeutic principles and philosophies in order to create the ideal treatment program to meet the specific needs of the patient or client.
Eclectics use techniques given from all schools of therapy with the goal of establishing a course that personally tailored to the need of the patient/client. After all, the point is to help him/her as quickly and effectively as possible. It is customised to the unique needs of the patient. It gives importance to relatively and subjective. Hence, it is so effective, appropriate and highly appreciated. An amalgamation of all the theories or therapies is recommended in order to make sure that no stone is remained un-turned to heal the patient.
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